Tongue discoloration and other changes mouth and dental. Mar 06, 2020 your tongue helps you taste, swallow, and chew. Tongue disease can take many forms, and although it sometimes occurs as a result of an infection, thats not the only factor behind it. Barnett has written an excellent tract entitled keep your tongue wherein he begins by paraphrasing a story by l. A range of factors, including allergies, anemia, and vitamin b12 deficiencies can lead to glossitis. Developmental disorder in which the frenulum of the tongue is shortened, thereby limiting the mobility of the tongue fig. We learned that the right use of the tongue will impart life, and, conversely, the wrong use will impart death. Geographic tongue also known as benign migratory glossitis or erythema migrans is a harmless condition that affects about 2% of the population. Oral hair presents as an asymptomatic black hair 0. Motor neuron disease lou gehrigs disease can cause impaired control of tongue movement, affecting.
Severe, locally extensive, chronic granulomatous glossitis etiology. Almost all lesions and diseases that may affect the oral mucosa may also occur on the tongue. Diseases of the tongue case b88090 hereford cow with a low grade fever. Leukoplakia is a very benign problem, but if it is not treated, it can lead to cancer. Find health information in languages other than english on mouth disorders. The dentists can therefore play a pivotal role in the detection and. The oral cavity and the tongue are sites of neoplasms, reactive processes, and infections and may be a harbinger of systemic diseases. Tongue thrusting tongue thrust is a forward placement of the tongue between the anterior teeth and against the lower lip during swallowing, speaking or at rest. Usually, there are no symptoms and no treatment is needed. Washington, dc, pan american health organization, 1970 paho scientific publi cation no.
The tongue can often provide clinical clues to systemic conditions and demonstrate a number of conditions unrelated to other systemic disease. Severe tongue diseases include cancer, ulcer, tongue blisters, and hemangioma. Other diseases often marked by a sore and swollen tongue are heart, brain or bowel disorders and those that attack blood vessels or body tissues. However, lesions on the tongue may indicate other moreserious conditions of the tongue or diseases affecting the body in general. Ayurveda, unnai and siddha systems have refined methods of tongue diagnosis. Tongue growths usually require biopsy to differentiate benign lesions e. Application of the international classification of. These papillae have a mechanical abrasive function. These papillae do not contain taste buds this condition can be caused by poor oral hygiene, chronic oral irritation or smoking. Ayurvedic tongue diagnosis made easy wake up world. Gustatory and tongue disorder universitas airlangga.
Macroglossia genetic and rare diseases information. Common tongue conditions in primary care american family. The tongue is a complex organ involved in speech and expression as well as in gustation, mastication, and deglutition. In the united states, the disease occurs in the southern and western states. The sides lateral and undersurface ventral of the tongue are high risk sites for the development of oral cancer, most commonly squamous cell carcinoma.
David and others published investigations for diseases of the tongue. General practitioner, superficial tongue lesions, squamous cell. Theoralcavityandthe tongueare sitesofneoplasms,reactive processes, and infections and may be a harbinger of systemic diseases. This is a relatively rare condition whose appearance is due to the elongation of filiform papillae. Jun 14, 2018 glossitis is a condition where the tongue becomes inflamed and swollen. Surgery to reduce the size of the tongue may be an option for people with macroglossia. Medlineplus links to health information from the national. The tongue allows us to taste food, swallow and talk, and it can actually be a very good measure of the wellbeing of the body. It is characterized by pink to red, slightly depressed lesions with irregular, elevated, white or yellow borders. In this chapter, the emphasis is on the latter group of diseases. This condition is characterized by the appearance of red patches on the tongue surface with grayish white borders, that resemble a map.
Some of the most common causes of tongue bumps include. The surface of the tongue appears uneven in this condition, and the patches change position over hours or days. There are many diseases, as we have said and they can be caused by bad dental hygiene, inheritance or chewing tobacco. Glossitis is a general term for tongue inflammation, which can have various etiologies, e. Macroglossia genetic and rare diseases information center. Application of the international classification of diseases. The bible reveals that god places a strong emphasis on the sins of speech. White spots on the mucus membrane located in the mouth suggests a problem called leukoplakia.
The oral cavity, along with the tongue, are sites of neoplasms, reactive. Some tongue conditions cannot be prevented at all, but symptoms may be managed with treatment. Taste buds are distributed along the dorsal surface of the tongue. At least 26 serotypes have been identified worldwide. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. A range of factors, including allergies, anemia, and vitamin b12 deficiencies can lead to. Pictures of oral diseases and problems geographic tongue. Problems with the tongue can have many different causes. Tongue movement disorders may result in speech difficulties or difficulty moving food during chewing and. Jan 26, 2016 tongue thrusting tongue thrust is a forward placement of the tongue between the anterior teeth and against the lower lip during swallowing, speaking or at rest.
Repetitive, uncontrolled movement of the tongue, head, and jaws, depapillation, burning sensations and traumatic ulcers of tongue are common in buccolingaulfacial dyskinesia, parkinsonism, and the tardive dyskinesia. Our findings will be useful to clinicians in the differential diagnosis of unusual tongue lingual necrosis cases. Glossitis and other tongue disorders dermatologic clinics. On the other hand, there are some diseases that exclusively or almost exclusively affect the tongue. Mar 31, 2015 tongue is a muscular organ associated with the function of deglutition, taste and speech. As with many diseases, severity will depend on factors related to agent, host, and environment. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Other tongue problems may be a byproduct of an underlying medical condition that. However, its potential for evil is so great god saw fit to imprison it behind a double jailer. Tongue diagnosis introduction tongue is generally known as. Application of the international classification of diseases to dentistry and stomatology icdda. Neuromuscular disorders of central, peripheral, or muscular origin may produce symptom of dysphagia and choking as well as disordered mastication and speech problems.
Download a pdf about this oral disease which includes photographs. Clinically, multiple brownblack pigmented areas are noted adjacent to reticular or erosive lesions of lichen. Geographic tongue is typically seen as welldefined, reddened areas on and around the sides of the tongue. The buccal mucosa, gingiva, and tongue are the preferred areas of hair growth. Salivary gland diseases sgd are multiple and varied in cause there are three paired major salivary glands in humans the parotid glands, the submandibular glands, and the sublingual glands, and about 800 minor salivary glands in the mucosa of the mouth. Lindsay read before the dermatology and syphilology section of the california medical association at the fiftyeighth annual session at coronado, may 69, 1929. Tongue diagnosis introduction tongue is generally known as the organ of taste. Keywords lingual, necrosis, tongue, vascular diseases. Apr 14, 2016 geographic tongue is a condition that causes chronic and recurrent lesions on the tongue that resemble psoriasis of the skin. The tongue coating varies in different individuals and it varies in the same individual during the day, it is marked in the morning since cleaning factors are at rest. In hairy tongue, keratin a normal body protein that is in hair, skin, and nails accumulates on the normal projections on the top of the tongue papillae and gives it a hairy.
Mayo clinics highly specialized heart experts diagnose and treat more than 200 heart conditions, including many rare and complex. Tongue diseases can be congenital or acquired, and are multiple in number. The cause is unknown, but fissured tongue may occur with geographic tongue and some other disorders. If you have lesions on the tongue that dont resolve within 10 days, see your doctor or dentist. Both ft and gt may represent different reaction patterns caused by the same hematologic and immunologic diseases. The oral cavity, along with the tongue, are sites of neoplasms, reactive processes, and infections, and may be a harbinger of systemic diseases. Median rhomboid glossitis is usually easy to diagnose based on clinical features alone. The weight for a male is about 70 grams, for a female, 60 grams. Since we cannot see much beyond the mouth without some invasive diagnostics, a quick look at the tongue can tell much about the health. Now we will consider certain specific diseases that affect our tongues. This is partly due to modification of the primary lesion either by the continuous mouth moisture or by different ingredients in the mouth or those reaching the mouth from. Because we use our tongue constantly, it can be frustrating and uncomfortable when we experience tongue diseases, including soreness or swelling, changes in taste or color and pain.
Different tongue problems are likely to cause changes in taste. Bluetongue results from infection by bluetongue virus, a member of the genus orbivirus and family reoviridae. However, sometimes your symptoms might occur due to an underlying ailment that requires medical treatment. The disease is seen most often in sheep, occasionally in goats, and. Macroglossia may also be a sign of certain acquired disorders, including malignancies, metabolicendocrine disorders, and inflammatory or infectious diseases. If removal exceeds formation atrophy if formation exceeds removal increased tongue coating. The secondary functions of the tongue are to help swallowing and chewing the food. Greek physicians like hippocrates and galen considered different characteristics of the tongue to be an important indicator of health and diseases. Geographic tongue is a minor although sometimes uncomfortable condition. The parotid gland is located in front of the ear, and it secretes its mostly serous saliva via the parotid duct stenson duct. In some instances, though, a discolored or painful tongue can indicate more serious conditions, including vitamin deficiencies, aids, or oral cancer.
Each of us are examples to others, and we need to exercise great care in our speech, and never stoop to dump the garage of speech on them. Red patches on the tongue with white borders history of. Weakness of tongue can occur in polymyositis, multiple sclerosis. Geographic tongue is a condition in which the surface of the tongue shows reddish patches in which the upper layer of the tongue surface is eroded. Problems moving the tongue may also be caused by ankyloglossia, a disorder where the band of tissue that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth is too short. Information on oral diseases the american academy of oral. Macroglossia nord national organization for rare disorders.
Oral manifestations of autoimmune disease are frequently the primary sign of autoimmune diseases. Read before the dermatology and syphilology section of the california medical association at the fiftyeighth annual session at coronado, may 69, 1929. One common sign of a tongue problem or disease is pain. A few other common causes of tongue problems and disease include dietary choices, cancer, nerve damage, autoimmune disorders, trauma to the tongue like biting it and hormonal changes. Pay attention to itchiness or a rash on the tongue. The mere presence of a bump on the tongue is rarely enough information on which to base a diagnosis. Indeed, the growth in autoimmune diseases equals the surge in allergic and cancer pathology. The primary nih organization for research on mouth disorders is the national institute of dental and craniofacial research. Diseases of the mucous membranes are usually more difficult to diagnose than skin diseases. People with diabetes and people taking inhaled steroids for asthma or lung disease can also get. Autoimmune diseases and their manifestations on oral cavity. It is moist, with a rough surface and has an evenly coloured pink surface overlaying pale red. Medical therapy for macroglossia is useful when the underlying cause is identified, and the cause is medically treatable such as hypothyroidism, infection, or amyloidosis.
Though often hailed as the strongest muscle in the body, the tongue is made up of a group of muscles that allow us to taste food, swallow, and talk. Tongue necrosis caused by systemic vascular diseases. The upper surface contains the taste buds that act as the primary organ of taste. Tongue movement problems are most often caused by nerve damage. The organ of taste is susceptible to various tongue conditions, including the infection, pain, swelling, and tongue sores. Sep 16, 2015 medical therapy for macroglossia is useful when the underlying cause is identified, and the cause is medically treatable such as hypothyroidism, infection, or amyloidosis. An itchy tongue, or one that is coated with a rash, may indicate disease.
The tuberculum impar soon disappears posterior one third. The tongue is a unique organ located in the oral cavity that not only facilitates perception of gustatory stimuli but also plays important roles in mastication and deglutition. Copenhagen, dental department, university hospital, 1969. Glossitis is a condition where the tongue becomes inflamed and swollen. Tongue coating is in a continuous process of removal and formation. As the national institutes of health nih points out, tongue problems can take many forms and can have a variety of symptoms. This problem may also affect gums and it is created due to chewing tobacco and smoking. The tongue is the very beginning of the digestive tract, which lumbers on for another 30 feet or so. One of the common diseases of the tongue is the geographical tongue. Also, there may occur changes in color and texture. In ayurveda, one of the primary investigative tools of practitioners for determining the state of ones health is tongue diagnosis or evaluation of the tongue. Jan 19, 2020 tongue bumps have many possible causes. Below is a list of diseases that are either commonly found in wisconsin wildlife or that the dnr is monitoring for their occurrence in wisconsin wildlife. It acts as an easily accessible organ for the assessment of health of an individual and shows the state of.
Some tongue problems are preventable by practicing good oral hygiene and eating a healthy, nutritious diet. The list of which includes cineradiography, pulsed ultrasound, computerassisted tomography, isotopic. Webmd examines common tongue problems such as soreness, discoloration, and bumps on the tongue. No medical treatments have been proven useful when the cause is unclear. It may leave a burning sensation especially when the tongue gets in contact with certain foods. Geographic tongue, fissured tongue, and hairy tongue are the most common tongue problems and do not require treatment. Additionally, the tongue is an integral component of the speech pathway, as it helps with articulation. Oral manifestations of systemic disease 24 general dentistry novemberdecember 2017 or absent, and the oral mucosa may be dry, red, and wrinkled. Other tongue problems may be a byproduct of an underlying medical condition that needs to be addressed. Diseases of the oral mucosa and tongue request pdf. Bluetongue virus affects many domestic and wild ruminants.
A type of yeast infection, thrush leads to the development of bumpy white patches on the tongue. Geographic tongue genetic and rare diseases information. Disease outcome of infection ranges from inapparent, in the vast majority of infected animals, to fatal, in a proportion of infected sheep, goats, deer and some wild ruminants. In rare cases, macroglossia is an inherited disorder not associated with any other cause, either congenital or acquired. Isolates differ in virulence, and some strains seem to. Information on oral diseases the american academy of. Numerous nodular foci surrounded by dense fibrous tissue are scattered throughout the tongue. Considered according to a surgical sieve, some example conditions which can involve the tongue are discussed below. Geographic tongue is a benign tongue condition affecting 2% of the population. In the following text, we will try to list several tongue diseases, mostly those that are the most common ones, since the whole list is very long and could not be a part of one article.
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